Biology

Genus Pseudonapaeus

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The details of this genus is in the paper of Bank and Neubert 2016.

  • Genus Pseudonapaeus Westerlund, 1887

  • Pseudonapaeus Westerlund, 1887: 66. Type species (by subsequent designation of Lindholm, 1922a: 274-275): Buliminus asiaticus E. von Martens, 1880.

  • Chondrulopsis Westerlund, 1887: 66. Type species (by subsequent designation of Lindholm, 1925: 28): Buliminus sogdianus E. von Martens, 1874.

  • Subzebrinus Westerlund, 1887: 66. Type species (by subsequent designation of Moellendorff, 1901: 327): Buliminus labiellus E. von Martens, 1881.

  • Sewertzowia Kobelt, 1888: 40. Type species (by monotypy): Buliminus dissimilis E. von Martens, 1882.

  • Pseudopetraeus Westerlund, 1896: 189-191. Type species (by subsequent designation of Lindholm, 1925: 28): Buliminus albiplicatus E. von Martens, 1874.

  • Cauliculus Lindholm, 1925: 27, 37. Type species (by monotypy): Buliminus (Pseudonapaeus) schnitnikovi Lindholm, 1922.

  • Laeonapaeus Lindholm, 1925: 27, 37. Type species (by monotypy): Buliminus (Chondrula?) goldfussi Kobelt, 1893.

  • Oedichilus Lindholm, 1925: 28, 38. Type species (by monotypy): Buliminus merzbacheri Weber, 1913.

  • Parachondrula Lindholm, 1925: 30, 39. Type species (by monotypy): Buliminus (Chondrula) retrodens E. von Martens, 1879.

  • Siraphorus Lindholm, 1925: 29, 38. Type species (by monotypy): Buliminus entoptyx Lindholm, 1925.

  • Styloptychus Lindholm, 1925: 28, 38. Type species (by monotypy): Buliminus (Brephulus) kasnakowi Westerlund, 1898.

  • Labroena Lindholm, 1927: 101. Type species (by monotypy): Ena (Pseudonapaeus) latilabris Lindholm, 1927.

  • Aridenus Schileyko, 1984: 244, 271. Type species (by monotypy): Ena (Pseudonapaeus) submucronata Lindholm, 1927.

Chondrulopsis 曾被 Subzebrinus (杂斑螺属) 替代为同名，后来 Subzebrinus 又被 Pseudonapaeus 替代为同名，因此最终使用 Pseudonapaeus 来表示该属。这些分布在伊朗的 Pseudonapaeus 属蜗牛，与分布在甘肃文县的 Subzebrinus 属的某些种的形态有类似之处 (Bank and Neubert 2016)。至于甘肃文献的杂斑螺属名称的由来，后续慢慢研究吧。

Pseudonapaeus asterabadensis (Kobelt, 1880)

  • Buliminus asterabadensis Kobelt, 1880: 63, pl. 201 fig. 2039 (shell) [note: the figure was copied by Kobelt (1899: pl. 82 fig. 21)]. Type locality: “bei Asterabad, mir in drei Exemplaren von Dohrn mitgetheilt”.

  • Buliminus (Pseudonapaeus) asterabadensis var. persica O. Boettger, 1889: 950. Type locality: “Masenderan” (ex Nevill, 1 ex.). Preoccupied by Buliminus (Napaeus) persicus E. von Martens, 1874.

  • *Buliminus (Mastoides) leptoceras Westerlund, 1896: 193-194. Type locality: “Nordpersien. Siaret, 5 Expl. (Keyserling & Bienert, 1869)”.

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 15, Figs 1-5. Pseudonapaeus asterabadensis (Kobelt, 1880). 1. Holotype of Buliminus (Pseudonapaeus) asterabadensis var. persica O. Boettger, Masenderan, H 13.7 mm (SMF 225066). 2. Now Shahr 3, coastal forest at the northern slope of the Elbors Mts., Bößneck leg., H 16.8 mm (NMBE 26368). 3. Syntype of Buliminus (Mastoides) leptoceras Westerlund, Siaret, H 11.2 mm (ZIN 1). 4. Achraf [147], H 15.1 mm (MNHN). 5. Rehneh [157], H 14.2 mm (MNHN).

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Fig. 21, B. P. asterabadensis, Tonekabon, NMBE 26366 / 1.

Pseudonapaeus hyrcanus (Lindholm, 1915)

  • Buliminus (Ena) hyrcanus Lindholm, 1915: xlii-xliii. Type locality: “in Persia borealis, in Ghilan, prope Karavansarai Lat” [N.A. Zarudny leg., 3 exx.]; “in the environs of Resht in Ghilan” [O. Herz leg., 1 ex.].

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 15, Figs 6-10. Pseudonapaeus hyrcanus (Lindholm, 1915). 6. Syntype of Buliminus (Ena) hyrcanus Lindholm, Ghilan, prope Karavansarai Lat, H 12.5 mm (ZIN 1/97-1904). 7. Syntype of Buliminus (Ena) hyrcanus Lindholm, Ghilan, prope Karavansarai Lat, H 11.3 mm (ZIN 1/97-1904 (2)). 8. Chah Nichin [1285], H 14.8 mm (MNHN). 9. Djiv-Rou (plage) [1386], H 11.8 mm (MNHN). 10a-d. Mian Deh Roud [1129], H 13.7 mm (MNHN).

Pseudonapaeus blanfordianus (Kobelt, 1880)

  • Buliminus blanfordianus Kobelt, 1880: 47, pl. 199 fig. 2001 (shell) [note: the figure was copied by Kobelt (1899: pl. 74 fig. 14)]. Type locality: “in der Provinz Mazenderan (Coll. Dohrn)” (ex Nevill, 2 exx).

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 16, Figs 1-3. Pseudonapaeus blanfordianus (Kobelt, 1880). 1. Marzanabad, slope to the Chalus river, Bößneck leg., H 17.2 mm (NMBE 535555). 2. “Buliminus oedestus” Bourguignat ms, “Masendaran”, H 15.5 mm (MHNG 12073, nomen museorum). 3. “Buliminus basilus” Bourguignat ms, “Perse”, H 20.7 mm (MHNG 12069, nomen museorum).

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Fig. 21, C. P. blanfordianus, genital organs, Marzanabad, NMBE 535554 / 2.

Pseudonapaeus geoffreyi (Ancey, 1884)

  • Chondrus geoffreyi Ancey, 1884: 345-346. Type locality: “Mazenderan (Perse septentrionale)” (ex G. Nevill, “divers exemplaires”).

  • Buliminus kobeltianus Ancey, 1893: 38. Type locality: “Mazenderan, Perse” (ex G. Nevill). Nomen nudum (in synonymy of Buliminus geoffreyi).

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 16, Figs 4-8. Pseudonapaeus geoffreyi (Ancey, 1884). 4. Syntype of Chondrus geoffreyi Ancey, Mazenderan, H 7.0 mm (NMWales 1955.158.24219). 5. “ Chondrus spanius ” Bourguignat ms, Masenderan, H 9.5 mm (MHNG 12700, nomen museorum). 6. “ Chondrus balfrouchensis ” Bourguignat ms, Masenderan, H 9.8 mm (MHNG 12687, nomen museorum). 7. “ Chondrus sakhtaserensis ” Bourguignat ms, Sakhtaser, H 7.4 mm (MHNG 12698, nomen museorum). 8. “ Chondrus mazenderanicus ” Bourguignat ms, Masenderan, H 8.2 mm (MHNG 12695, nomen museorum).

Pseudonapaeus fusiformis Bank & Neubert, 2016

  • Type locality & type specimens: Iran, Prov. Mazandaran, Reyneh ENE. Polur. Holotype MNHN IM-2000-31357 (Bank and Neubert 2016, Pl. 16 Fig. 9), paratypes MNHN IM-2000-31358/2 (Bank and Neubert 2016, Pl. 16 Fig. 10).

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 16, Figs 9-11. Pseudonapaeus fusiformis spec. nov. 9. Rehneh [157], H 14.9 mm (holotype MHNH IM-2000-31357). 10. Rehneh [157], H 13.7 mm (paratype MNHN IM-2000-31358). 11. Vahneh [550], H 15.4 mm (MNHN).

Pseudonapaeus alborsicus Bank & Neubert, 2016

  • Type locality & type specimens: Iran, Prov. Mazandaran, valley of Se Hezar Rud (= S. Tonekabon), 1000-1300 and 1500 m. Holotype MNHN IM-2000-31359 (Bank and Neubert 2016, Pl. 17 Fig. 1), paratypes MNHN IM-2000-31360/>100 + NMBE 541947 / 3 + RBA/3.

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 17, Figs 1a-d. Pseudonapaeus alborsicus spec. nov., Sé-Hezar-Roud [1048], H 22.8 mm (holotype MNHN IM-2000-31359).

Pseudonapaeus demorgani Bank & Neubert, 2016

  • Type locality & type specimens: Iran, Prov. Mazandaran, Maran (valley of Se Hezar Rud, S. Khanian), 1700 m. Holotype MNHN IM-2000-31361 (Pl. 17 Fig. 2), paratypes MNHN IM-2000-31362 / 25 + NMBE 541948 / 2 + RBA/2.

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 17, Figs 2-3. Pseudonapaeus demorgani spec. nov. 2a-d. Mâránd [1042], H 14.0 mm (holotype MNHN IM-2000-31361). 3. Sé-Hezar-Roud [1049], H 15.4 mm (MNHN).

Pseudonapaeus ignoratus Bank & Neubert, 2016

  • Type locality & type specimens: Iran, Prov. Qazvin, Khouban (Houân), 2 km W. Zavarak, valley of the Shah Rud, 1840 m. Holotype MNHN IM-2000-31363 (Pl. 18 Fig. 1), paratypes MNHN IM-2000-31364/17 + NMBE 541949 / 2.

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 18, Figs 1-4. Pseudonapaeus ignoratus spec. nov. 1. Houân [1016], H 7.7 mm (holotype MNHN IM-2000-31363). 2a-d. Chirlan, H 7.3 mm (MNHN). 3-4. Aïn Stou [1497], H 7.7 and 7.8, respectively (MNHN).

Pseudonapaeus minutus Bank & Neubert, 2016

  • Type locality & type specimens: Iran, Prov. Cahar Mahali-o-Bakhtiyari, Qal’ai Agha WSW. Baghbaharodan. Holotype MNHN IM-2000- 31365 (Pl. 18 Fig. 5), paratypes MNHN IM-2000- 31366 / 27 / 27 + NMBE 541950 / 2 + RBA/2.

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 18, Figs 5a-d. Pseudonapaeus minutus spec. nov., Qal’a i Agha [2024], H 5.5 mm (holotype MNHN IM-2000-31365).

Pseudonapaeus orculoides Bank & Neubert, 2016

  • Type locality & type specimens: Iran, Prov. Qazvin, between Qahvaj and Avaj Howa, 2240 m. Holotype MNHN IM-2000-31367 (Pl. 18 Fig. 6), paratypes MNHN IM-2000-31368 / 143 + NMBE 541951 / 3 + RBA/3.

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 18, Figs 6a-d. Pseudonapaeus orculoides spec. nov., Howa, H 8.5 mm (holotype MNHN IM-2000-31367).

Pseudonapaeus germabensis (O. Boettger, 1889)

  • Buliminus (Petraeus) eremita var. germabensis O. Boettger, 1889: 952. Type locality: “Transkaspien. Bei Germabim Kopet-dagh (H. Leder, 1886)” [= Turkmenistan, Kopet Dagh, Germab SW. Gökdepe, 38.0115°N 57.7405°E].

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 19, Fig. 1. Pseudonapaeus germabensis (O. Boettger, 1889). Syntype of Buliminus (Petraeus) eremita var. germabensis O. Boettger, Turkmenistan, Germab, Kopet-dagh, H 27.2 mm (SMF 225612 coll. O. Boettger ex Leder 1886).

Pseudonapaeus schahrudensis (O. Boettger, 1889)

  • Buliminus (Petraeus) oxianus var. schahrudensis O. Boettger, 1889: 954, pl. 27 figs 15a-c (shell) [note: the figure was cop- ied by Kobelt (1899: pl. 83 figs 9-10) and Kobelt (1899: pl. 247 fig. 1591)]. Type locality: “Persien. Bei Schah-rud im Nordosten der Provinz Irak Adschmi, wenige Stücke (O. Herz, 1887)”.

  • Buliminus (Petraeus) walteri O. Boettger, 1889: 955-956, pl. 26 figs 1a-b (shell) [note: the figure was copied by Kobelt (1899: pl. 83 figs 17-18) and Kobelt (1899: pl. 247 fig. 1590)]. Type locality: “Transkaspien. Auf dem Gipfel des Agh-dagh im Kopet-dagh, bei 9-10000’ Höhe, in kleiner Anzahl (Dr. A. Walter, 24. Mai 1887)” [Turkmenistan, Ak-Dagh in the Kopet Dagh].

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 19, Figs 2-3. Pseudonapaeus schahrudensis (O. Boettger, 1889). 2. Lectotype of Buliminus (Petraeus) oxianus var. schahrudensis O. Boettger, Schah-rud, H 11.6 mm (SMF 64226 coll. O. Boettger ex Herz 1887). 3. Lectotype of Buliminus (Petraeus) walteri O. Boettger, Turkmenistan, Agh-dagh, H 15.8 mm (SMF 225712 coll. O. Boettger ex A. Walter 1887).

Pseudonapaeus kermanensis Bank & Neubert, 2016

  • Type locality & type specimens: Iran, Prov. Kerman, Kuh-i-Jupar mountain 30 km S. Kerman, 2360 m, Kuhle leg., 10-VII-1973. Holotype NMBE 539851 (Pl. 19 Fig. 4), paratypes NMBE 539852 / 4.

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 19, Figs 4a-d. Pseudonapaeus kermanensis spec. nov., Kuh-i-Jupar mountain, H 8.3 mm (holotype NMBE 539851).

Pseudonapaeus menkhorsti Bank & Neubert, 2016

  • Type locality & type specimens: Iran, Prov. Kerman, Sekonj (= Seguch), mountains SE Kerman, 2290 m, H.P.M.G. Menkhorst leg., 18-X-2009. Holotype NMBE 539848 (Pl. 19 Fig. 5), paratypes NMBE 539849 / 4 + collection Menkhorst/2.

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 19, Figs 5a-d. Pseudonapaeus menkhorsti spec. nov., Seguch, H 9.4 mm (holotype NMBE 539848).

Pseudonapaeus sogdianus (E. von Martens, 1874)

  • Buliminus sogdianus E. von Martens, 1874a: 19-20, pl. 2 figs 14a-c. „Habitat in regionibus alpinus vallis Sarafschan” (more specified by E. von Martens, 1874c: 46 as „vom See Kulikalan, 9500 Fuss” [Tadzjikistan]). Note: also figured by E. von Martens, 1880: 26-27, pl. 6 figs 5-6.

  • Buliminus (Napaeus) persicus E. von Martens, 1874b: 45. Type locality: “Schiras” (ex L. Parreyss). Note: also figured by E. von Martens, 1880: 26-27, pl. 6 fig. 7.

  • Buliminus oxianus E. von Martens, 1876: 335-336, pl. 12 fig. 8 [Kobelt del.!]. Type locality: (var. a) “Koschagerlü am Nordabhang des Balkangebirges an der Ostküste des kaspis-chen Meeres, nahe der ehemaligen Mündung des Oxus” [Turkmenistan]; (var. b) „Aus dem Löss von Turkmenistan“. Note: also figured by E. von Martens, 1880: 25-26, pl. 6 figs 3-4.

  • ?Buliminus (Pseudopetraeus) eremita var. solivagus Westerlund, 1896, Annu. Musée zool. Acad. imp. Sci. St.- Pétersbourg, 1 (3): 189. Type locality: “Transcaspien. Artschman, bei einer Schwefelquelle, 1 Expl. (N. Zarudnyj, 1892)” [Turkmenistan, Arçman (38.5220°N 57.1844°E)].

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Plate 20, Figs 1-7. Pseudonapaeus sogdianus (E. von Martens, 1874). 1a-f. Syntype of Buliminus sogdianus E. von Martens, Tadzjikistan, Lake Kulikalan, H 10.0 mm (ZMB 22406). 2a-f. Syntype of Buliminus oxianus E. von Martens, Turkmenistan, Koschagerlü, H 13.8 mm (ZMB 26236). 3. Kouh- e-Karadji, H 14.3 mm (MNHN). 4. Leilan [1720], H 16.0 mm (MNHN). 5. Persepolis, H 16.0 mm (NMBE). 6. Raleh i Agha [2031], H 10.8 mm (MNHN). 7. Qamsar, Bößneck leg., H 11.1 mm (NMBE 535561).

(Bank and Neubert 2016) Fig. 21, A. P. sogdianus, Persepolis, NMBE 535558.

References

Bank, R., and E. Neubert. 2016. Notes on Enidae, 7. Revision of the Enidae of Iran, with special reference to the collection of Jacques de Morgan (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Vita Malacologica 14: 1-84.

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